Piast dynasty

Lore & Background

The dynasty temporarily ruled over Pomerania, Bohemia, the Lusatias, part of Ruthenia, and the Hungarian Spiš region. Rulers bore the title of duke or king depending on their power. The Piasts dealt with expansionist policies of the Holy Roman Empire through treaties, oaths of allegiance, and marriage alliances with the Ottonian and Salian dynasties. The Bohemian Přemyslid dynasty, Hungarian Arpads and Anjou successors, Kievan Rus', the Teutonic Order, and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania were mighty neighbours. Dukes fought for the throne at Kraków, with many crowned and overthrown repeatedly. The senior Silesian Piast branch became vassals of the Bohemian Crown from the 14th century.

Reader's Guide

The Piast dynasty is significant as the first historical ruling house of Poland, establishing the Polish state and its early identity. Their rule spanned from the 10th century to the 14th century in the main line, with branches persisting into the 18th century. Despite this, they left a legacy of territorial expansion and dynastic connections across Europe. The Jagiellonian kings, who ruled after Casimir IV, were descended in the female line from Casimir III's daughter, linking later Polish monarchs to the Piasts.

Did You Know?

• The term 'Piast Dynasty' was not applied until the 17th century, introduced by historian Adam Naruszewicz.
• The Jagiellonian kings were descended in the female line from Casimir III's daughter.